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A precision approach is distinct primarily because it offers both vertical and horizontal guidance, which is crucial for pilots to accurately navigate to the runway. This type of approach typically utilizes Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) or similar systems that enable precise tracking during the final stages of flight. The vertical guidance assists in managing altitude while descending, ensuring that the aircraft aligns properly with the runway's glide path. This capability is integral for enhancing safety, especially in low-visibility conditions.

In contrast, non-precision approaches only provide horizontal guidance, making it essential for pilots to maintain an appropriate descent rate and altitude visually or through other standard altimeter methods. This lack of vertical guidance can make non-precision approaches less safe and more challenging, particularly in challenging weather conditions.

It's also important to note that non-precision approaches usually require less sophisticated equipment than precision approaches, which further emphasizes their differences. Therefore, understanding these distinctions is critical for flight planning and ensuring safe operations within controlled airspace.